Time is the indirect measure of grind size. Within a style band, hitting the time target means your grind is dialed in. Out-of-band time means adjust grind finer (slower) or coarser (faster).

Single vs double basket?

Single ~7-10 g, double ~14-20 g. Doubles are the modern default for better extraction consistency. Triples and "VST" baskets go to 22+ g for high-extraction-yield work.

EY (extraction yield)?

EY % = TDS × yield_g / dose_g. Most baristas chase 18-22% EY (the SCA Golden Cup range), but this requires a refractometer to measure TDS.

9 bar is the legacy standard; modern machines often allow profiling (pre-infusion at 4-6 bar, then 9 bar). Profiling is a separate variable not covered here.

Time is the indirect measure of grind size. Within a style band, hitting the time target means your grind is dialed in. Out-of-band time means adjust grind finer (slower) or coarser (faster).

Single vs double basket?

Single ~7-10 g, double ~14-20 g. Doubles are the modern default for better extraction consistency. Triples and "VST" baskets go to 22+ g for high-extraction-yield work.

EY (extraction yield)?

EY % = TDS × yield_g / dose_g. Most baristas chase 18-22% EY (the SCA Golden Cup range), but this requires a refractometer to measure TDS.

9 bar is the legacy standard; modern machines often allow profiling (pre-infusion at 4-6 bar, then 9 bar). Profiling is a separate variable not covered here.

Espresso Shot Ratio + Timer Calculator

Dose grams + style → target yield grams and shot time. Ristretto, normale, lungo brewing ratios.

Result

Target yield

36.0 g

Normale — balanced, the espresso textbook · 25-30 s pull time

Dose (in)18 g
Ratio (yield/dose)1 : 2.00
Yield (out)36.00 g
Volume ≈36 ml (~1.20 fl oz)
Shot-time target25-30 s
StyleNormale

Step-by-step

Yield = dose × ratio = 18 × 2.00 = 36.00 g.
Style target: ristretto 20-25 s, normale 25-30 s, lungo 30-40 s.

How to use this calculator

Set your dose (typical: 18-20 g for a double basket).
Pick a style (ristretto / normale / lungo).
Adjust the specific ratio if you have a preferred number.
Read the target yield in grams and the pull-time window.

About this calculator

Espresso is brewed by dose, yield, and time — three numbers a barista chases by adjusting grind. The dose is the dry coffee in the portafilter basket; the yield is what comes out, measured on a scale; the ratio is yield ÷ dose. SCA / WBC competition norms span 1:1.5 to 1:2.5 (the "normale" range); ristretto pulls stop earlier (1:1 to 1:1.5, more concentrated); lungo pulls keep going (1:3+, more diluted). Pull time is the dependent variable: 25-30 s for normale, shorter for ristretto, longer for lungo.

What this calculator does

This calculator returns the target espresso yield (in grams) for a given dose and ratio, classifies the pull as ristretto / normale / lungo, and shows the recommended pull-time band. The math is one multiplication (yield = dose × ratio); the value is the calibrated time bands and style classifications that turn a shot into a reproducible brew rather than guess work.

How it works — the formula

yield_g = dose_g × ratio
style bands: ristretto (1:1 to 1:1.5), normale (1:1.5 to 1:2.5), lungo (1:3 to 1:4)
shot-time: ristretto 20-25 s, normale 25-30 s, lungo 30-40 s

Espresso brewing is governed by the dose-yield-time triangle. The ratio determines flavor concentration; the time at a given ratio depends on grind size. SCA / WBC competition guidance and third-wave practitioner consensus give the bands used here.

Sources: Specialty Coffee Association — Brewing fundamentals & Espresso parameters · World Barista Championship — Rules & Regulations (current cycle) · James Hoffmann — How to Make the Best Espresso at Home (third-wave practitioner reference)

Worked examples

Example 1

Modern double normale

Inputs:: dose=18 g, ratio=2.0
Output:: yield=36 g; pull 25-30 s; balanced normale

The current third-wave default.

Example 2

Traditional ristretto

Inputs:: dose=18 g, ratio=1.3
Output:: yield=23.4 g; pull 20-25 s; concentrated ristretto

Italian-bar classic.

Example 3

Light-roast lungo

Inputs:: dose=18 g, ratio=3.0
Output:: yield=54 g; pull 30-40 s; high-extraction lungo

Useful for light-roast Scandinavian-style coffees that under-extract at shorter pulls.

When to use this vs other tools

Use this for espresso. For other brewing methods the dedicated coffee-brew-ratio tool covers the longer-contact / lower-pressure regime.

Coffee Brew Ratio
Use for drip / pour-over / French press / cold brew — entirely different ratios (1:8 to 1:17).
Tea Brewing
Use for the temperature-and-time side of the other major hot drink.
Recipe Scaler
Use to scale yields when batch-brewing for a group.

Authority note

Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) & World Barista Championship (WBC)

SCA brewing parameters and WBC competition rules — the international standards for espresso preparation

SCA defines the brewing and extraction-yield ranges that anchor specialty-coffee practice worldwide; WBC rules formalize them for professional competition. Third-wave practitioner references (Hoffmann, Rao) follow the same conventions.

Limitations

Doesn't measure extraction yield directly — that requires a refractometer for total dissolved solids.
Time bands assume 9-bar fixed-pressure machines; flow-rate / pressure profiling shifts the optimum time.
Bean roast and age matter: light roasts often need longer ratios and finer grinds than dark roasts.
Single-shot baskets are less consistent than doubles; for tight calibration use a double basket and split if needed.

Calibrate each new bean / roast by tasting. The numbers here are starting points, not endpoints.

Frequently asked

Modern third-wave espresso convention is 1:2 normale (18 g in, 36 g out, in ~28 s). Traditional Italian espresso runs ristretto (1:1.5 in 20-22 s). Both are correct — different flavor profiles.