RMD (Required Minimum Distribution) Calculator

Annual RMD = prior year-end balance ÷ IRS Uniform Lifetime Table divisor. SECURE 2.0 Act 2023 set RMD start age 73 (75 from 2033).

Inputs

Sum across all Traditional IRAs (Roth IRAs have NO RMD). 401(k)s use separate RMD per plan.

If sole beneficiary is a spouse more than 10 years younger, the larger Joint Life divisor lowers the RMD.

Result

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How to use this calculator

  • Find your Dec 31 prior-year balance from your most recent 1099-R or year-end statement.
  • Enter your age this calendar year — not at the start of the year, but on or after your birthday.
  • For most retirees, leave the Joint Life toggle OFF — Uniform Lifetime Table is the default.
  • The dollar amount shown must be withdrawn by Dec 31 (or Apr 1 of the following year for your first RMD).

About this calculator

Required Minimum Distributions force Traditional-IRA and 401(k) holders to start withdrawing (and paying tax on) a portion of their tax-deferred balance every year starting at age 73 (per SECURE 2.0 Act 2022; the start age rises to 75 in 2033 for those born after 1959). The annual RMD = prior-year-end balance ÷ life-expectancy divisor from the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (Pub 590-B Appendix B Table III). The divisor decreases each year (longer-tail life expectancy), so the required percentage of withdrawal slowly increases. At age 73: ~3.77% (1/26.5); at age 80: ~4.95%; at age 90: ~8.20%. Roth IRAs have NO RMD (a major estate-planning advantage). 401(k) RMDs are calculated per-plan, but Traditional-IRA RMDs may be aggregated (you can pull the total from any single IRA). The penalty for missing the RMD is a 25% excise tax (or 10% if corrected within two years) — historically 50% before SECURE 2.0.

Frequently asked

When did RMDs start at 73 vs 72?+
The SECURE Act (Dec 2019) raised the start age from 70½ to 72 for those who turn 70½ on/after Jan 1, 2020. SECURE 2.0 (Dec 2022) further raised it to 73 for those who turn 72 in 2023 or later, and 75 for those who turn 74 in 2033 or later (effectively: anyone born 1960+).
Do Roth IRAs have RMDs?+
No, never for the original owner. SECURE 2.0 also eliminated RMDs on Roth 401(k)s starting 2024. Inherited Roth IRAs DO have distribution rules under the 10-year inherited rule.
What if I miss my RMD?+
25% IRS excise tax on the shortfall, reduced to 10% if you withdraw the missed amount and file Form 5329 within 2 years. Pre-SECURE 2.0 the penalty was 50%. Either way, file Form 5329 with your 1040.
Can I aggregate RMDs across accounts?+
Traditional IRAs YES — compute each separately, then take the total from any one (or split). 401(k)s NO — each plan's RMD must come from that specific plan. Inherited IRAs follow their own rules; cannot mix with your own RMD.
How does Joint Life table change the RMD?+
If sole beneficiary is a spouse more than 10 years younger, the longer joint-life-expectancy divisor reduces the required withdrawal (lower forced taxable income each year). The Joint Life table is 2-D (your age × spouse age); this calculator approximates — for precision use IRS Pub 590-B Appendix B Table II directly.
Source?+
IRS Publication 590-B Appendix B Table III (Uniform Lifetime), Table II (Joint Life Expectancy). SECURE Act of 2019 §114; SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 §107 (RMD age) + §302 (penalty reduction). Final IRS Treasury Regulations published 2024.

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