Future Value Calculator

FV = PV × (1 + r)^n. What today's amount grows to over time.

Inputs

Result

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General calculation reads

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Jordan Ellenberg - math thinking
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Scientific calculator (Casio fx-991EX)
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How to use this calculator

  • Enter present value.
  • Pick annual rate.
  • Enter years to project.

About this calculator

Future value: how much today's money grows to at a given rate. FV = PV × (1 + r)^n. The inverse of present value. Compound interest: each year's interest earns its own interest the following year. The "rule of 72" estimates doubling time as 72/r%.

Frequently asked

How does this differ from compound interest?+
Same formula. "Compound interest" frames it for savings; "future value" frames it for investments.
What's the rule of 72?+
Doubling time ≈ 72 / rate%. At 6%: doubles in ~12 years. At 8%: ~9 years. Rough but useful for mental math.
Annual vs monthly compounding?+
For periodic compounding: FV = PV × (1 + r/m)^(m·n) where m = periods/year. Higher m gives slightly higher FV — see continuous-compounding calculator for the limit.
Inflation adjustment?+
Subtract inflation rate from your nominal rate to get real rate. $1 today at 7% nominal − 3% inflation = 4% real growth.
Why is the difference so large for long horizons?+
Compound interest grows exponentially. $1 at 8% over 30 years = $10.06; over 40 years = $21.72. Doubling the time more than doubles the result.

Related calculators

Present Value Calculator
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n. The current worth of a future cash flow.
Annuity Payment Calculator
PMT = P · r / (1 − (1+r)^(−n)). Payment that fully amortizes a principal over n periods at rate r.
Perpetuity Value Calculator
V = C / r — present value of an infinite stream of equal cash flows.
NPV (Net Present Value) Calculator
NPV = sum of discounted future cash flows minus initial investment. Positive NPV = accept project.
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) Calculator
IRR = the discount rate that makes NPV = 0. Solved numerically via Newton's method.
Continuous Compounding Calculator
A = P · e^(rt) — the limit of compound interest as the compounding frequency → ∞.

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