Variance Calculator
Sample (n−1) and population (n) variance — the square of standard deviation.
Result
Sample variance
5.809524
Population: 4.979592.
- Mean13.142857
- Sample (n−1)5.809524
- Population (n)4.979592
- Sample SD2.410295
Step-by-step
- Mean = 13.1429.
- Sum of squared deviations = 34.8571.
- Sample variance = 34.8571 / (7 − 1) = 5.8095.
How to use this calculator
- Enter numbers.
- Read both sample and population variance.
About this calculator
Variance is the average squared deviation from the mean — the square of the standard deviation. Sample variance divides by n−1; population variance divides by n. Variance is harder to interpret directly because its units are squared, but it has nicer math (the variance of a sum of independent variables is the sum of variances).
Frequently asked
Variance = SD². They contain the same information; SD is in the original units, variance is in squared units.
Related calculators
Standard Deviation Calculator
Compute sample (n−1) and population (n) standard deviation from a list of numbers.
Mean (Average) Calculator
Compute the arithmetic mean of a list of numbers.
Z-Score Calculator
z = (x − μ) / σ — how many standard deviations a value is above or below the mean.
Coefficient of Variation (CV) Calculator
CV = σ / μ — relative variability as a percentage. Useful for comparing spread across different scales.
Percentile Calculator
Find the value at the kth percentile in a dataset (linear interpolation).
T-Score Calculator
t = (x̄ − μ₀) / (s/√n) — for testing a sample mean against a hypothesized population mean.