Angle of Elevation / Depression

tan(angle) = opposite / adjacent. Find angle from height + distance.

Inputs

Result

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How to use this calculator

  • Pick what to solve.
  • Enter the two known values.

About this calculator

Angle of elevation: looking up from horizontal. Angle of depression: looking down. Same math: tan(angle) = vertical / horizontal. Used in surveying (height of building from across street), navigation (target ranging), and construction (slope grading). Always measure from horizontal eye level.

Frequently asked

Difference elevation vs. depression?+
Elevation: looking up. Depression: looking down. Math identical (alternate interior angles for horizontal observer).
Eye height adjustment?+
For terrestrial measurements: subtract eye height from object height. Significant for short-distance / nearby objects.
Common applications?+
Hypsometer (tree height), boat distance from lighthouse, angle for mounting solar panel.
Multiple measurements?+
Sight from 2 locations: triangulation. Solves both distance + height when neither known.
Refraction?+
Atmospheric refraction bends light. Negligible for short distances; ~6' over 1 km horizontal.

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