Focal Length from Radius (f = R/2)

For spherical mirror: f = R/2. For thin lens: 1/f = (n−1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂) (lensmaker).

Inputs

Result

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General calculation reads

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How to use this calculator

  • Pick mirror or lens.
  • Enter R (mirror) or R₁, R₂, n (lens).
  • Read focal length.

About this calculator

For a spherical mirror, focal length is exactly half the radius of curvature: f = R/2. For a thin lens, the lensmaker's equation links f to lens material (n) and surface curvatures: 1/f = (n−1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂). Sign convention: R positive if center of curvature is on the outgoing side. Biconvex lens: R₁ > 0, R₂ < 0 (both faces convex). Concave: opposite.

Frequently asked

Why f = R/2 for mirrors?+
Geometric optics: parallel rays converge halfway between mirror and center of curvature. Derives from small-angle approximation.
Camera lens 50mm?+
Focal length of the lens system in millimeters. Determines field of view + magnification on a given sensor.
Eye focal length?+
Adjustable! Cornea + lens system: ~17 mm. Lens flexes to focus near and far.
Plano-convex lens?+
One flat face (R = ∞). f = R/(n−1) where R is the curved face's radius. Common in flashlights, basic optics.
Telescope diameter vs. focal length?+
Diameter = light gathering. Focal length × eyepiece = magnification. Different things; both matter.

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